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xe991 dihydrochloride  (Alomone Labs)
94
Alomone Labs xe991 dihydrochloride
A. Schematic view of neuronal compartments with location of all currents used in 2°VN model. B. Low-induced current discharge of a tonic model with the variation of the intracellular Calcium (Ca² + i, in yellow) and the contributions of calcium-dependent BK and SK currents (gBKCa in purple and gSKca in orange). C. Low-induced current discharge of a phasic model with the variation of the intracellular Calcium (Ca² + i, in yellow) and the contributions of calcium-dependent BK and SK currents (gBKCa in purple and gSKCa in orange) and the voltage-dependent potassium currents Kv1.1 (in black) and Kv7.3 (in blue). D-E. Spike shape of a tonic neuronal model (D; red thick line) and phasic neuronal model (E; blue thick line) together with corresponding variation of intracellular calcium and contributions of BK, SK, Kv1.1 and Kv7.3 currents. F. Firing rate (in spike/s) of the tonic (red) and phasic (blue) 2°VN model in response to increasing current steps. G. Example of firing pattern of recorded tonic (G 1 ) and phasic (G 2 ) VS neurons before (control) and under bath application of <t>XE991,</t> blocking the Kv.7-M current. H. Averaged spike number in response to increasing current step injections before (ctrl) and during XE991 application in recorded tonic (squares) and phasic (dots) neurons. The horizontal dashed line represents the 5 spikes limit defining a phasic 2°VN neuron in amphibians ( ; ).
Xe991 Dihydrochloride, supplied by Alomone Labs, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/xe991/bio_rxiv__64898__2026__05__12__724497-55-0-3?v=Alomone+Labs
Average 94 stars, based on 1 article reviews
xe991 dihydrochloride - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
94/100 stars
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triton x 100  (Alomone Labs)
96
Alomone Labs triton x 100
A. Schematic view of neuronal compartments with location of all currents used in 2°VN model. B. Low-induced current discharge of a tonic model with the variation of the intracellular Calcium (Ca² + i, in yellow) and the contributions of calcium-dependent BK and SK currents (gBKCa in purple and gSKca in orange). C. Low-induced current discharge of a phasic model with the variation of the intracellular Calcium (Ca² + i, in yellow) and the contributions of calcium-dependent BK and SK currents (gBKCa in purple and gSKCa in orange) and the voltage-dependent potassium currents Kv1.1 (in black) and Kv7.3 (in blue). D-E. Spike shape of a tonic neuronal model (D; red thick line) and phasic neuronal model (E; blue thick line) together with corresponding variation of intracellular calcium and contributions of BK, SK, Kv1.1 and Kv7.3 currents. F. Firing rate (in spike/s) of the tonic (red) and phasic (blue) 2°VN model in response to increasing current steps. G. Example of firing pattern of recorded tonic (G 1 ) and phasic (G 2 ) VS neurons before (control) and under bath application of <t>XE991,</t> blocking the Kv.7-M current. H. Averaged spike number in response to increasing current step injections before (ctrl) and during XE991 application in recorded tonic (squares) and phasic (dots) neurons. The horizontal dashed line represents the 5 spikes limit defining a phasic 2°VN neuron in amphibians ( ; ).
Triton X 100, supplied by Alomone Labs, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/xe991/pm41874831-61-10-24?v=Alomone+Labs
Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
triton x 100 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
96/100 stars
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blocking buffer  (Alomone Labs)
96
Alomone Labs blocking buffer
A. Schematic view of neuronal compartments with location of all currents used in 2°VN model. B. Low-induced current discharge of a tonic model with the variation of the intracellular Calcium (Ca² + i, in yellow) and the contributions of calcium-dependent BK and SK currents (gBKCa in purple and gSKca in orange). C. Low-induced current discharge of a phasic model with the variation of the intracellular Calcium (Ca² + i, in yellow) and the contributions of calcium-dependent BK and SK currents (gBKCa in purple and gSKCa in orange) and the voltage-dependent potassium currents Kv1.1 (in black) and Kv7.3 (in blue). D-E. Spike shape of a tonic neuronal model (D; red thick line) and phasic neuronal model (E; blue thick line) together with corresponding variation of intracellular calcium and contributions of BK, SK, Kv1.1 and Kv7.3 currents. F. Firing rate (in spike/s) of the tonic (red) and phasic (blue) 2°VN model in response to increasing current steps. G. Example of firing pattern of recorded tonic (G 1 ) and phasic (G 2 ) VS neurons before (control) and under bath application of <t>XE991,</t> blocking the Kv.7-M current. H. Averaged spike number in response to increasing current step injections before (ctrl) and during XE991 application in recorded tonic (squares) and phasic (dots) neurons. The horizontal dashed line represents the 5 spikes limit defining a phasic 2°VN neuron in amphibians ( ; ).
Blocking Buffer, supplied by Alomone Labs, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/xe991/pmc13040006-51-8-52?v=Alomone+Labs
Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
blocking buffer - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
96/100 stars
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xe991 dihydrochloride  (Tocris)
94
Tocris xe991 dihydrochloride
A. Schematic view of neuronal compartments with location of all currents used in 2°VN model. B. Low-induced current discharge of a tonic model with the variation of the intracellular Calcium (Ca² + i, in yellow) and the contributions of calcium-dependent BK and SK currents (gBKCa in purple and gSKca in orange). C. Low-induced current discharge of a phasic model with the variation of the intracellular Calcium (Ca² + i, in yellow) and the contributions of calcium-dependent BK and SK currents (gBKCa in purple and gSKCa in orange) and the voltage-dependent potassium currents Kv1.1 (in black) and Kv7.3 (in blue). D-E. Spike shape of a tonic neuronal model (D; red thick line) and phasic neuronal model (E; blue thick line) together with corresponding variation of intracellular calcium and contributions of BK, SK, Kv1.1 and Kv7.3 currents. F. Firing rate (in spike/s) of the tonic (red) and phasic (blue) 2°VN model in response to increasing current steps. G. Example of firing pattern of recorded tonic (G 1 ) and phasic (G 2 ) VS neurons before (control) and under bath application of <t>XE991,</t> blocking the Kv.7-M current. H. Averaged spike number in response to increasing current step injections before (ctrl) and during XE991 application in recorded tonic (squares) and phasic (dots) neurons. The horizontal dashed line represents the 5 spikes limit defining a phasic 2°VN neuron in amphibians ( ; ).
Xe991 Dihydrochloride, supplied by Tocris, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/xe991/pmc12932781-97-10-11?v=Tocris
Average 94 stars, based on 1 article reviews
xe991 dihydrochloride - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
94/100 stars
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A. Schematic view of neuronal compartments with location of all currents used in 2°VN model. B. Low-induced current discharge of a tonic model with the variation of the intracellular Calcium (Ca² + i, in yellow) and the contributions of calcium-dependent BK and SK currents (gBKCa in purple and gSKca in orange). C. Low-induced current discharge of a phasic model with the variation of the intracellular Calcium (Ca² + i, in yellow) and the contributions of calcium-dependent BK and SK currents (gBKCa in purple and gSKCa in orange) and the voltage-dependent potassium currents Kv1.1 (in black) and Kv7.3 (in blue). D-E. Spike shape of a tonic neuronal model (D; red thick line) and phasic neuronal model (E; blue thick line) together with corresponding variation of intracellular calcium and contributions of BK, SK, Kv1.1 and Kv7.3 currents. F. Firing rate (in spike/s) of the tonic (red) and phasic (blue) 2°VN model in response to increasing current steps. G. Example of firing pattern of recorded tonic (G 1 ) and phasic (G 2 ) VS neurons before (control) and under bath application of XE991, blocking the Kv.7-M current. H. Averaged spike number in response to increasing current step injections before (ctrl) and during XE991 application in recorded tonic (squares) and phasic (dots) neurons. The horizontal dashed line represents the 5 spikes limit defining a phasic 2°VN neuron in amphibians ( ; ).

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Differential maturation in vestibular neuronal groups related to developmental motor reorganization in amphibians

doi: 10.64898/2026.05.12.724497

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Schematic view of neuronal compartments with location of all currents used in 2°VN model. B. Low-induced current discharge of a tonic model with the variation of the intracellular Calcium (Ca² + i, in yellow) and the contributions of calcium-dependent BK and SK currents (gBKCa in purple and gSKca in orange). C. Low-induced current discharge of a phasic model with the variation of the intracellular Calcium (Ca² + i, in yellow) and the contributions of calcium-dependent BK and SK currents (gBKCa in purple and gSKCa in orange) and the voltage-dependent potassium currents Kv1.1 (in black) and Kv7.3 (in blue). D-E. Spike shape of a tonic neuronal model (D; red thick line) and phasic neuronal model (E; blue thick line) together with corresponding variation of intracellular calcium and contributions of BK, SK, Kv1.1 and Kv7.3 currents. F. Firing rate (in spike/s) of the tonic (red) and phasic (blue) 2°VN model in response to increasing current steps. G. Example of firing pattern of recorded tonic (G 1 ) and phasic (G 2 ) VS neurons before (control) and under bath application of XE991, blocking the Kv.7-M current. H. Averaged spike number in response to increasing current step injections before (ctrl) and during XE991 application in recorded tonic (squares) and phasic (dots) neurons. The horizontal dashed line represents the 5 spikes limit defining a phasic 2°VN neuron in amphibians ( ; ).

Article Snippet: XE991 dihydrochloride (15μM, Alomone Labs) was perfused in the bath to test the implication of the Kv7.2/3 related I M current in phasic 2°VN discharge.

Techniques: Control, Blocking Assay

A-C. Firing pattern in response to increasing current step injections from individual intermediate VS neurons found in larvae (A), climax (B) and juvenile (C) stages. D. Number (Nb) of spike from individual intermediate VS neurons and average Nb of spike (+/- SEM) in control (black) and during DTX-k (red) bath application. The right plot in D is a scaled view of the control values shown in the left plot. The horizontal dashed line represents the 5 spikes limit corresponding to phasic phenotype. E. Firing pattern in response to increasing current step injection from one individual intermediate VS neuron in control (black) and during XE991 (red) bath application. F. Spike number and frequency in response to increasing current step injections of the neuron shown in E.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Differential maturation in vestibular neuronal groups related to developmental motor reorganization in amphibians

doi: 10.64898/2026.05.12.724497

Figure Lengend Snippet: A-C. Firing pattern in response to increasing current step injections from individual intermediate VS neurons found in larvae (A), climax (B) and juvenile (C) stages. D. Number (Nb) of spike from individual intermediate VS neurons and average Nb of spike (+/- SEM) in control (black) and during DTX-k (red) bath application. The right plot in D is a scaled view of the control values shown in the left plot. The horizontal dashed line represents the 5 spikes limit corresponding to phasic phenotype. E. Firing pattern in response to increasing current step injection from one individual intermediate VS neuron in control (black) and during XE991 (red) bath application. F. Spike number and frequency in response to increasing current step injections of the neuron shown in E.

Article Snippet: XE991 dihydrochloride (15μM, Alomone Labs) was perfused in the bath to test the implication of the Kv7.2/3 related I M current in phasic 2°VN discharge.

Techniques: Control, Injection